职业健康安全管理体系 5.4 工作人员的协商和参与 中英文对照
职业健康安全管理体系 5.4 工作人员的协商和参与中英文对照
5 领导作用和工作人员参与
更新日期：2024-07-18
5.4 工作人员的协商和参与
组织应建立、实施和保持过程，用于在职业健康安全管理体系的开发、策划、实施、绩效评价和改进措施中与所有适用层次和职能的工作人员及其代表（若有）的协商和参与。
组织应：
- 为协商和参与提供必要的机制、时间、培训和资源； 注1：工作人员代表可视为一种协商和参与机制。
- 及时提供对明确的、易理解的和相关的职业健康安全管理体系信息的访问渠道；
- 确定和消除妨碍参与的障碍或壁垒，并尽可能减少那些难以消除的障碍或壁垒； 注2：障碍和壁垒可包括未回应工作人员的意见和建议，语言或读写障碍，报复或威胁报复，以及不鼓励或惩罚工作人员参与的政策或惯例等。
- 强调与非管理类工作人员在如下方面的协商：
- 确定相关方的需求和期望（见 4.2）；
- 建立职业健康安全方针（见 5.2）；
- 适用时，分配组织的角色、职责和权限（见 5.3）；
- 确定如何满足法律法规要求和其他要求（见 6.1.3）；
- 制定职业健康安全目标并为其实现进行策划（见 6.2）；
- 确定对外包、采购和承包方的适用控制（见 8.1.4）；
- 确定所需监视、测量和评价的内容（见 9.1）；
- 策划、建立、实施和保持审核方案（见 9.2.2）；
- 确保持续改进（见 10.3）。
- 强调非管理类工作人员在如下方面的参与：
- 确定其协商和参与的机制；
- 辨识危险源并评价风险和机遇（见 6.1.1 和 6.1.2）；
- 确定消除危险源和降低职业健康安全风险的措施（见 6.1.4）；
- 确定能力要求、培训需求、培训和培训效果评价（见 7.2）；
- 确定沟通的内容和方式（见 7.4）；
- 确定控制措施及其有效的实施和应用（见 8.1、8.1.3 和 8.2）；
- 调查事件和不符合并确定纠正措施（见 10.2）。 注3：强调非管理类工作人员的协商和参与，旨在适用于执行工作活动的人员，但无意排除其他人员，如受组织内工作活动或其他因素影响的管理者。 注4：需认识到，若可行，向工作人员免费提供培训以及在工作时间内提供培训，可以消除工作人员参与的重大障碍。
5.4 Consultation and participation of workers
The organization shall establish, implement and maintain a process(es) for consultation and participation of workers at all applicable levels and functions, and, where they exist, workers’ representatives, in the development, planning, implementation, performance evaluation and actions for improvement of the OH&S management system.
The organization shall:
- provide mechanisms, time, training and resources necessary for consultation and participation; NOTE 1 Worker representation can be a mechanism for consultation and participation.
- provide timely access to clear, understandable and relevant information about the OH&S management system;
- determine and remove obstacles or barriers to participation and minimize those that cannot be removed; NOTE 2 Obstacles and barriers can include failure to respond to worker inputs or suggestions, language or literacy barriers, reprisals or threats of reprisals and policies or practices that discourage or penalize worker participation.
- emphasize the consultation of non-managerial workers on the following:
- determining the needs and expectations of interested parties (see 4.2);
- establishing the OH&S policy (see 5.2);
- assigning organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities, as applicable (see 5.3);
- determining how to fulfil legal requirements and other requirements (see 6.1.3);
- establishing OH&S objectives and planning to achieve them (see 6.2);
- determining applicable controls for outsourcing, procurement and contractors (see 8.1.4);
- determining what needs to be monitored, measured and evaluated (see 9.1);
- planning, establishing, implementing and maintaining an audit programme(s) (see 9.2.2);
- ensuring continual improvement (see 10.3);
- emphasize the participation of non-managerial workers in the following:
- determining the mechanisms for their consultation and participation;
- identifying hazards and assessing risks and opportunities (see 6.1.1 and 6.1.2);
- determining actions to eliminate hazards and reduce OH&S risks (see 6.1.4);
- determining competence requirements, training needs, training and evaluating training (see 7.2);
- determining what needs to be communicated and how this will be done (see 7.4);
- determining control measures and their effective implementation and use (see 8.1, 8.1.3 and 8.2);
- investigating incidents and nonconformities and determining corrective actions (see 10.2). NOTE 3 Emphasizing the consultation and participation of non-managerial workers is intended to apply to persons carrying out the work activities, but is not intended to exclude, for example, managers who are impacted by work activities or other factors in the organization.NOTE 4 It is recognized that the provision of training at no cost to workers and the provision of training during working hours, where possible, can remove significant barriers to worker participation.
