GB/T 24001-2016 3.2 与策划有关的术语 中英文对照
GB/T 24001-2016 3.2 与策划有关的术语中英文对照
3 术语和定义
3.2.1
环境environment
组织（3.1.4）运行活动的外部存在，包括空气、水、土地、自然资源、植物、动物、人，以及它们之间的相互关系。
注 1：外部存在可能从组织内廷伸到当地、区域和全球系统。
注 2：外部存在可能用生物多样性、生态系统、气候或其他特征来描述。
3.2.2环境因素environmental aspect
一个组织（3.1.4）的活动、产品和服务中与或能与环境（3.2.1）发生相互作用的要素。
注 1：一项环境因素可能产生一种或多种环境影响（3.2.4）。重要环境因素是指具有或能够产生一种或多种重大环境影响的环境因素。
注 2：重要环境因素是由组织运用一个或多个准则确定的。
3.2.3环境状况environmental condition
在某个特定时间点确定的环境（3.2.1）的状态或特征。
3.2.4环境影响environmental impact
全部或部分地由组织（3.1.4）的环境因素（3.2.2）给环境（3.2.1）造成的有害或有益的变化。
3.2.5目标objective
要实现的结果。
注 1：目标可能是战略性的、战术性的或运行层面的。
注 2：目标可能涉及不同的领域（例如：财务、健康与安全以及环境的目标），并能够应用于不同层面（例如：战略、组织范围、项目、产品、服务和过程（3.3.5））。
注 3：目标可能以其他方式表达，例如：预期结果、目的、运行准则、环境目标（3.2.6）， 或使用其它意思相近的词语,例如：指标等表达。
3.2.6环境目标environmental objective
组织（3.1.4）依据其环境方针（3.1.3）制定的目标（3.2.5）。
3.2.7污染预防prevention of pollution
为了降低有害的环境影响（3.2.4）而采取（或综合采用）过程（3.3.5）、惯例、技术、材料、产品、服务或能源以避免、减少或控制任何类型的污染物或废物的产生、排放或废弃。
注：
要求requirement
明示的、通常隐含的或必须履行的需求或期望 。
注 1：“通常隐含的”是指对组织（3.1.4）和相关方（3.1.6）而言是惯例或习惯做法，所考虑的需求或期望是不言而喻的。
注 2：规定要求指眀示的要求，例如：文件化信息（3.3.2）中规定的要求。
注 3：法律法规要求以外的要求一经组织决定遵守即成为了义务。
3.2.9合规义务[首选的术语] compliance obligations法律法规和其他要求[被承认的术语] legal requirements and other requirements
组织（3.1.4）必须遵守的法律法规要求（3.2.8），以及组织必须遵守或选择遵守的其他要求。
注 1：合规义务是与环境管理体系（3.1.2）相关的。
注 2：合规义务可能来自于强制性要求，例如：适用的法律和法规，或来自于自愿性承诺，例如：组织的和行业的标准、合同规定、操作规程、与社团或非政府组织间的协议。
3.2.10风险risk
不确定性的影响。
注 1：影响指对预期的偏离——正面的或负面的。
注 2：不确定性是对某一事件、其后果或其可能性缺乏（包括部分缺乏）信息、理解或知识的状态。
注 3：风险通常被描述为潜在“事件”（见 GB/T23694 中的 4.5.1.3）与“后果”（见 GB/T23694中的 4.6.1.3），或两者的结合。
注 4：风险通常以事件后果（包括环境的变化）与相关的事件发生的“可能性”（见GB/T23694 中的 4.6.1.1）的组合来表示。
3.2.11风险和机遇risks and opportunities
潜在的有害影响（威胁）和潜在的有益影响（机会）。
3.2.1
environment
surroundings in which an organization (3.1.4) operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelationships
Note 1 to entry: Surroundings can extend from within an organization to the local, regional and global system.
Note 2 to entry: Surroundings can be described in terms of biodiversity, ecosystems, climate or other characteristics.
3.2.2environmental aspect
element of an organization’s (3.1.4) activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the environment (3.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can cause (an) environmental impact(s) (3.2.4). A significant environmental aspect is one that has or can have one or more significant environmental impact(s).
Note 2 to entry: Significant environmental aspects are determined by the organization applying one or more criteria.
3.2.3environmental condition
state or characteristic of the environment (3.2.1) as determined at a certain point in time
3.2.4environmental impact
change to the environment (3.2.1), whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s (3.1.4) environmental aspects (3.2.2)
3.2.5objective
result to be achieved
Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical, or operational.
Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to different disciplines (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product, service and process (3.3.5)).
Note 3 to entry: An objective can be expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended outcome, a purpose, an operational criterion, as an environmental objective (3.2.6), or by the use of other words with similar meaning (e.g. aim, goal, or target).
3.2.6environmental objective
objective (3.2.5) set by the organization (3.1.4) consistent with its environmental policy (3.1.3)
3.2.7prevention of pollution
use of processes (3.3.5), practices, techniques, materials, products, services or energy to avoid, reduce or control (separately or in combination) the creation, emission or discharge of any type of pollutant or waste, in order to reduce adverse environmental impacts (3.2.4)
Note 1 to entry: Prevention of pollution can include source reduction or elimination; process, product or service changes; efficient use of resources; material and energy substitution; reuse; recovery; recycling, reclamation; or treatment.
3.2.8requirement
need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory
Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization (3.1.4) and interested parties (3.1.6) that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.
Note 2 to entry: A specified requirement is one that is stated, for example in documented information (3.3.2).
Note 3 to entry: Requirement other than legal requirements become obligatory when the organization decides to comply with them.
3.2.9compliance obligations (preferred term) legal requirements and other requirements (admitted term)
legal requirements (3.2.8) that an organization (3.1.4) has to comply with and other requirements that an organization has to or chooses to comply with
Note 1 to entry: Compliance obligations are related to the environmental management system (3.1.2).
Note 2 to entry: Compliance obligations can arise from mandatory requirements, such as applicable laws and regulations, or voluntary commitments, such as organizational and industry standards, contractual relationships, codes of practice and agreements with community groups or non-governmental organizations.
3.2.10
risk
effect of uncertainty
Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive or negative.
Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood.
Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential “events” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.5.1.3) and “consequences” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), or a combination of these.
Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated “likelihood” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.1) of occurrence.
3.2.11risks and opportunities
potential adverse effects (threats) and potential beneficial effects (opportunities)
