职业健康安全管理体系 3 术语和定义 中英文对照

3.1

organization

person or group of people that has its own functions with responsibilities, authorities and relationships to achieve its objectives (3.16).

Note 1 to entry: The concept of organization includes, but is not limited to sole-trader, company, corporation, firm, enterprise, authority, partnership, charity or institution, or part or combination thereof, whether incorporated or not, public or private.

Note 2 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

interested party (preferred term)stakeholder (admitted term)

person or organization (3.1) that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by a decision or activity

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

worker

person performing work or work-related activities that are under the control of the organization (3.1).

Note 1 to entry: Persons perform work or work-related activities under various arrangements, paid or unpaid, such as regularly or temporarily, intermittently or seasonally, casually or on a part-time basis.

Note 2 to entry: Workers include top management (3.12), managerial and non-managerial persons.

Note 3 to entry: The work or work-related activities performed under the control of the organization may be performed by workers employed by the organization, workers of external providers, contractors, individuals, agency workers, and by other persons to the extent the organization shares control over their work or work-related activities, according to the context of the organization.

participation

involvement in decision-making.

Note 1 to entry: Participation includes engaging health and safety committees and workers’ representatives, where they exist.

consultation

seeking views before making a decision.

Note 1 to entry: Consultation includes engaging health and safety committees and workers’ representatives, where they exist.

workplace

place under the control of the organization (3.1) where a person needs to be or to go for work purposes.

Note 1 to entry: The organization’s responsibilities under the OH&S management system (3.11) for the workplace depend on the degree of control over the workplace.

contractor

external organization (3.1) providing services to the organization in accordance with agreed specifications, terms and conditions.

Note 1 to entry: Services may include construction activities, among others.

requirement

need or expectation that is stated, generally implied or obligatory.

Note 1 to entry: “Generally implied” means that it is custom or common practice for the organization (3.1) and interested parties (3.2) that the need or expectation under consideration is implied.

Note 2 to entry: A specified requirement is one that is stated, for example in documented information (3.24).

Note 3 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

legal requirements and other requirements

legal requirements that an organization (3.1) has to comply with and other requirements (3.8) that an organization has to or chooses to comply with.

Note 1 to entry: For the purposes of this document, legal requirements and other requirements are those relevant to the OH&S management system (3.11).

Note 2 to entry: “Legal requirements and other requirements” include the provisions in collective agreements.

Note 3 to entry: Legal requirements and other requirements include those that determine the persons who are workers’ (3.3) representatives in accordance with laws, regulations, collective agreements and practices.

management system

set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization (3.1) to establish policies (3.14) and objectives (3.16) and processes (3.25) to achieve those objectives.

Note 1 to entry: A management system can address a single discipline or several disciplines.

Note 2 to entry: The system elements include the organization’s structure, roles and responsibilities, planning, operation, performance evaluation and improvement.

Note 3 to entry: The scope of a management system may include the whole of the organization, specific and identified functions of the organization, specific and identified sections of the organization, or one or more functions across a group of organizations.

Note 4 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. Note 2 to entry has been modified to clarify some of the wider elements of a management system.

occupational health and safety management systemOH&S management system

management system (3.10) or part of a management system used to achieve the OH&S policy (3.15).

Note 1 to entry: The intended outcomes of the OH&S management system are to prevent injury and ill health (3.18) to workers (3.3) and to provide safe and healthy workplaces (3.6).

Note 2 to entry: The terms “occupational health and safety” (OH&S) and “occupational safety and health” (OSH) have the same meaning.

top management

person or group of people who directs and controls an organization (3.1) at the highest level.

Note 1 to entry: Top management has the power to delegate authority and provide resources within the organization, provided ultimate responsibility for the OH&S management system (3.11) is retained.

Note 2 to entry: If the scope of the management system (3.10) covers only part of an organization, then top management refers to those who direct and control that part of the organization.

Note 3 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. Note 1 to entry has been modified to clarify the responsibility of top management in relation to an OH&S management system.

effectiveness

extent to which planned activities are realized and planned results achieved.

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

policy

intentions and direction of an organization (3.1), as formally expressed by its top management (3.12).

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

occupational health and safety policyOH&S policy

policy (3.14) to prevent work-related injury and ill health (3.18) to workers (3.3) and to provide safe and healthy workplaces (3.6).

objective

result to be achieved.

Note 1 to entry: An objective can be strategic, tactical, or operational.

Note 2 to entry: Objectives can relate to different disciplines (such as financial, health and safety, and environmental goals) and can apply at different levels (such as strategic, organization-wide, project, product and process (3.25)).

Note 3 to entry: An objective can be expressed in other ways, e.g. as an intended outcome, a purpose, an operational criterion, as an OH&S objective (3.17), or by the use of other words with similar meaning (e.g. aim, goal, or target).

Note 4 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. The original Note 4 to entry has been deleted as the term “OH&S objective” has been defined separately in 3.17.

occupational health and safety objectiveOH&S objective

objective (3.16) set by the organization (3.1) to achieve specific results consistent with the OH&S policy (3.15)

injury and ill health

adverse effect on the physical, mental or cognitive condition of a person.

Note 1 to entry: These adverse effects include occupational disease, illness and death.

Note 2 to entry: The term “injury and ill health” implies the presence of injury or ill health, either on their own or in combination.

hazard

source with a potential to cause injury and ill health (3.18).

Note 1 to entry: Hazards can include sources with the potential to cause harm or hazardous situations, or circumstances with the potential for exposure leading to injury and ill health.

risk

effect of uncertainty.

Note 1 to entry: An effect is a deviation from the expected — positive or negative.

Note 2 to entry: Uncertainty is the state, even partial, of deficiency of information related to, understanding or knowledge of, an event, its consequence, or likelihood.

Note 3 to entry: Risk is often characterized by reference to potential “events” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.5.1.3) and “consequences” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.3), or a combination of these.

Note 4 to entry: Risk is often expressed in terms of a combination of the consequences of an event (including changes in circumstances) and the associated “likelihood” (as defined in ISO Guide 73:2009, 3.6.1.1) of occurrence.

Note 5 to entry: In this document, where the term “risks and opportunities” is used this means OH&S risks (3.21), OH&S opportunities (3.22) and other risks and other opportunities for the management system.

Note 6 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. Note 5 to entry has been added to clarify the term “risks and opportunities” for its use within this document.

occupational health and safety riskOH&S risk

combination of the likelihood of occurrence of a work-related hazardous event(s) or exposure(s) and the severity of injury and ill health (3.18) that can be caused by the event(s) or exposure(s)

occupational health and safety opportunityOH&S opportunity

circumstance or set of circumstances that can lead to improvement of OH&S performance (3.28)

competence

ability to apply knowledge and skills to achieve intended results.

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

documented information

information required to be controlled and maintained by an organization (3.1) and the medium on which it is contained.

Note 1 to entry: Documented information can be in any format and media, and from any source.

Note 2 to entry: Documented information can refer to:

• the management system (3.10), including related processes (3.25);
• information created in order for the organization to operate (documentation);
• evidence of results achieved (records).

Note 3 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

process

set of interrelated or interacting activities which transforms inputs into outputs.

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

procedure

specified way to carry out an activity or a process (3.25).

Note 1 to entry: Procedures may be documented or not.[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2015, 3.4.5, modified — Note 1 to entry has been modified.]

performance

measurable result.

Note 1 to entry: Performance can relate either to quantitative or qualitative findings. Results can be determined and evaluated by qualitative or quantitative methods.

Note 2 to entry: Performance can relate to the management of activities, processes (3.25), products (including services), systems or organizations (3.1).

Note 3 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. Note 1 to entry has been modified to clarify the types of methods that may be used for determining and evaluating results.

occupational health and safety performance

OH&S performanceperformance (3.27) related to the effectiveness (3.13) of the prevention of injury and ill health (3.18) to workers (3.3) and the provision of safe and healthy workplaces (3.6)

outsource verb

make an arrangement where an external organization (3.1) performs part of an organization’s function or process (3.25).

Note 1 to entry: An external organization is outside the scope of the management system (3.10), although the outsourced function or process is within the scope.

Note 2 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

monitoring

determining the status of a system, a process (3.25) or an activity.

Note 1 to entry: To determine the status, there may be a need to check, supervise or critically observe.

Note 2 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

measurement

process (3.25) to determine a value.

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

audit

systematic, independent and documented process (3.25) for obtaining audit evidence and evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria are fulfilled.

Note 1 to entry: An audit can be an internal audit (first party) or an external audit (second party or third party), and it can be a combined audit (combining two or more disciplines).

Note 2 to entry: An internal audit is conducted by the organization (3.1) itself, or by an external party on its behalf.

Note 3 to entry: “Audit evidence” and “audit criteria” are defined in ISO 19011.

Note 4 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

conformity

fulfilment of a requirement (3.8)

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

nonconformity

non-fulfilment of a requirement (3.8)

Note 1 to entry: Nonconformity relates to requirements in this document and additional OH&S management system (3.11) requirements that an organization (3.1) establishes for itself.

Note 2 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. Note 1 to entry has been added to clarify the relationship of nonconformities to the requirements of this document and to the organization’s own requirements for its OH&S management system.

incident

occurrence arising out of, or in the course of, work that could or does result in injury and ill health (3.18)

Note 1 to entry: An incident where injury and ill health occurs is sometimes referred to as an “accident”.

Note 2 to entry: An incident where no injury and ill health occurs, but has the potential to do so, may be referred to as a “near-miss”, “near-hit” or “close call”.

Note 3 to entry: Although there can be one or more nonconformities (3.34) related to an incident, an incident can also occur where there is no nonconformity.

corrective action

action to eliminate the cause(s) of a nonconformity (3.34) or an incident (3.35) and to prevent recurrence

Note 1 to entry: This constitutes one of the common terms and core definitions for ISO management system standards given in Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement to the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. The definition has been modified to include reference to “incident”, as incidents are a key factor in occupational health and safety, yet the activities needed for resolving them are the same as for nonconformities, through corrective action.